Psicología Social en Enfermería: Unidades de Psicología Médica UAB - Prof. 5132, Apuntes de Ciencias Psicosociales

¡Descarga Psicología Social en Enfermería: Unidades de Psicología Médica UAB - Prof. 5132 y más Apuntes en PDF de Ciencias Psicosociales solo en Docsity! CIÈNCIES PSICOSOCIALS EN INFERMERIA Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal Facultat de Medicina. Campus de Bellaterra. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Albert Fernández-Teruel, Beatriz Molinuevo, Daniel Vega, Joan Taberner, Adolf Tobeña PSICOLOGIA HUMANA: Biologia de la Conducta Social 0. Introducció Medicina i Psicologia. Rols professionals, disciplines i jerarquies en la cura i l’atenció als pacients. Gent sana, gent malalta i sanitaris: de la beneficència a la ciència. Les trampes biopsicosocials en l’aproximació a la conducta humana. El cervell social. 1. Relacions socials L’estudi de les relacions socials al laboratori: la situació social mínima, el “dilema del presoner”, jocs econòmics. La conducta altruista: els models explicatius. Quan ajudem? Qui ajuda? A qui ajudem?. Psicobiologia de la moralitat. Els conflictes socials: les causes més habituals, els mecanismes per a solucionar-los, els errors habituals en la solució de conflictes. 2. Conducta agressiva Concepte. Tipus d'agressió. Desenvolupament de la conducta agressiva. Mecanismes d’aprenentatge. Facilitadors i inhibidors de la conducta agressiva. Biologia de l’agressió. Natura i cultura. Personalitats agressives i antisocials: aspectes clínics més rellevants. La conducta agressiva en la pràctica mèdica: detecció de variables de risc, prevenció. 3. Atracció, amor i conducta sexual Atracció interpersonal: principi bàsic. Les variables que influeixen en l’atracció interpersonal: la proximitat, l’atractiu físic, la semblança. Amor passional i amor de company. Neurobiologia dels afectes. Conducta sexual: seqüència de desenvolupament. La resposta sexual humana. Varietats de l'experiència sexual. Les alteracions de la conducta sexual. PSICOLOGIA HUMANA: Biologia de la conducta social Very different roles at the hospitals and clinical centers!!: from surgery rooms and emergency units, to rehab rooms and desk advice… Yes, humans are extremely cooperative social beings but.... Science proves that some people ace in fact a complete waste of +ime and space. Sepulveda J and Murray Ch (2014) Science, 345, 6202, 1275-1278. YLL = Years of potential life lost, estimation. BUT… Everyone is a psychologist!!: We spontaneously build theories on feelings, attitudes and values of others and behave according to them… We assume conscious and intentional minds in others and interact accordingly… SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY?: DISCIPLINES DEVOTED TO STUDY PROCESSES MEDIATING MIND AND BEHAVIOUR Neurohormonal subsystems contributing to brain’s vigilance/alertness/mood Brainstem and midbrain arousal systems Insight Consciousness Agency Awakening Vigilance Sleep Hobson JA (2009) REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 803-813. Sleep basics Culture Mind Brain/Biology The biopsychosocial illusion!! ? ? ? Environment Development Genes Traits, reactions..... Madurative and Environmental Interactions behind psychological traits and behaviour Temperamental traits/ High-order personality factors. Temperamental traits: fearfulness, novelty-, seeking, aggressiveness, empathy, altruism, conscienciousness, extraversion, persistence, conservatism, religiosity, resilience, … Two views of the relationships between genes and personality (D. Hamer (2004), Rethinking behavior genetics, Science, 298, 71-72). A. Early studies looked for linear relationships between gene markers and temperamental traits or high- order personality factors. B. Reality is likely to be far more complex with gene networks interacting with environmental inputs impacting on brain development and leaving enduring neural dispositions that, in turn, influence behavioral, cognitive and affective styles (temperamental traits). GENES, BRAIN, BODY AND TEMPERAMENT (A) Cobalt intoxication diagnosed with the help of Dr House Lance 2014: 383:574 ippo University Matrg. "Universi ClinicMarburg, Intemal Medióne— Cardiology and Center for "Undiagnosed Diseases, Marburg Germany (KDxhis, VShariovaMD, Pick SPankzacit PRD, Prof] Rchacfer MD) and Medizinischos Labor Bremen, Bremen, Germany (PHallandPRD) Comepondenceto: PosDrjurgen? Shue, Phipps Universi Marburg, Viver Cincel Marburg DrPobé Surge Profes neral Medine— Kirsten Dahms, Yulia Shorkova, Peter Heitland, Sabine Pankuweit Juergen R Schaefer In May, 2012, a 55-ycarold man was referred to our clinic for severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV). He had raised brain natriuretic peptide of 1053 ng/L (normal <55 ng/L) and his estimated ejection fraction by echocardiography was 25%. His medical history was mostly uneventful, apart from the fact that he had had both hips replaced by prostheses. Coronary artery disease had been excluded by heart catheterisation; cardiomyopathy was therefore regarded as the cause of heart failure. Additionally he was almost deaf and almost blind; furthermore he had fever of unknown origin, hypothyroidism, and reflux oesophagitis. His mediastinal lymph nodes as well as the Iymph nodes at his lef hip were enlarged. At this side he had had hip replacement surgery in November, 2010, when a metal-on-polyethylene prosthesis. (head Zimmer CoCrMo Protasul, metal [Zimmer, Winterthur, Switzerland], inlay Aesculap NH 413 Chirulen PE [Aesculap, Tutlingen, Germary]) was implanted to replace a broken ceramic:on-ceramic hip prosthesis (implanted December, 2001: head Aesculap NK 561 Biolox forte, inlay Aesculap NH 103 Plasmacup). All symptoms appeared within the past year before his admission to our centre. Searching for the cause combining these symptoms—and remembering an episode of the TV series “House” which we used for teaching medical students (series seven/episode 1 —we suspected cobalt intoxication as the most likely reason. We did radiography of the hip and measured cobalt and chromium. The radiograph showed a myositis ossificans- like picture attributable to metal debris at the left-sided hip. The measurement of cobalt and chromium in the blood showed severe increase of these metals. In a heparin-blood sample the cobalt concentration was 15000 nmol/L (normal <15-3 nmol/L) and chromium was 942 mmol/L (normal <9:6 nmol/l). The cobalt Figure: Metal hip prosthesi causing obaltIntoxiation Removed metal headwith hole dueto severe metal los 574 concentration in 24 h urine was 6140 nmol/L (normal <17 nmol/I) and chromium urine concentration was 52300 nmol/L (normal <11-5 nmol/L). We initiated 2,3-dimercaptopropane-T-sulfonate treatment and referred the patient to his former orthopacdic clinic, where he received a new left ceramic hip prosthesis, and sub- sequently—because of the severe heart failure—an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. Most likely because of remaining ceramic particles, the metal head of the hip replacement was severely damaged (figure). Shortly after the hip replacement, the patients plasma cobalt and chromium concentrations decreascd, and the patient stabilised and recovered slightly. In July, 2013 (14 months after removal of the metal hip), heparin-blood concentration of cobalt was 1460 nmol/L and chromium was 365 nmol/L. Cardiac function improved to 40% and there were no new episodes of fever or signs of ocsophagitis. However, the patient's hearing and vision recovered only slightly. Cobalt intoxication has been a well known cause of cardiomyopathy for over 50 years; however, it has mostly been known in the context of so-called Quebec beer drinkers cardiomyopathy and hard steel workerelated exposure to cobalt*The stability of cobaltin combination with chromium and molybdenum (usually Co 70%, Cr 25%, Mo 59%) made this metal an excellent and stable compound in hip prosthetics. Numerous studies have investigated metal exposure due to metal hip arthroplasties.* However, in certain situations—false placement, technical problems in metalon-metal prosthesis, and strikingly often after an offlabel replacement of broken ceramic hips by metal parts— cobalt exposure to the patient from a hip prosthesis occurs. This cobalt intoxication is an increasingly recognised and life-threatening problem. Contiburos XD, YS, and JAS looked after he patient and wrote the report. SP and PH managed and mesured he blood samples. Allaubhors reviewed he text írinen consent by the atento publish hi report as obtained, [RS was supported by the De R Poll Foundation. References Fam Practice (House) hp Jens podi oa wi Fam Prack. (House) (accesed Oct, 200) 2 Bonenfant]L, Mile G, Roy PE. Quebec berrrinkes cardiomyopathy: patologcal sadiz. Cn Med Asoc] 197,97: 910-16. 3. Limnaa, Ola? Groundstroem K, eta. Exposure to cobaltn he producionofobalt ad cobal compounds ad hs efec on he hear. Oca Evian Med 2004 61:877-85 4 Jamtucn C, Jorgensen HL, Dis BR, Sporring SL, Lauritzen J Caromiuzn and cbilt on concentrados in blood and serum following varous ypes ofmmeal.on-metal hip arhroplastes a literature ovemien Aca Orhop 20133: 29-36 5 GilbeniC), Cheung A, Butan J eta. Hp paln and hear failure: he missing link. Can] Cardiel 2013; 29639 e12. vrwwbelancetcom Vol 383. February B, 2014. 0. Introducció Medicina i Psicologia. Rols professionals, disciplines i jerarquies en la cura i l’atenció als pacients. Gent sana, gent malalta i sanitaris: de la beneficència a la ciència. Les trampes biopsicosocials en l’aproximació a la conducta humana. El cervell social. 1. Relacions socials L’estudi de les relacions socials al laboratori: la situació social mínima, el “dilema del presoner”, jocs econòmics. La conducta altruista: els models explicatius. Quan ajudem? Qui ajuda? A qui ajudem?. Psicobiologia de la moralitat. Els conflictes socials: les causes més habituals, els mecanismes per a solucionar-los, els errors habituals en la solució de conflictes. 2. Conducta agressiva Concepte. Tipus d'agressió. Desenvolupament de la conducta agressiva. Mecanismes d’aprenentatge. Facilitadors i inhibidors de la conducta agressiva. Biologia de l’agressió. Natura i cultura. Personalitats agressives i antisocials: aspectes clínics més rellevants. La conducta agressiva en la pràctica mèdica: detecció de variables de risc, prevenció. 3. Atracció, amor i conducta sexual Atracció interpersonal: principi bàsic. Les variables que influeixen en l’atracció interpersonal: la proximitat, l’atractiu físic, la semblança. Amor passional i amor de company. Neurobiologia dels afectes. Conducta sexual: seqüència de desenvolupament. La resposta sexual humana. Varietats de l'experiència sexual. Les alteracions de la conducta sexual. PSICOLOGIA HUMANA: Biologia de la conducta social